Enhanced 3-LED 3D Dark Light Indoor Positioning System with Received Signal Strength Technique

Abstract

<title>Abstract</title> Visible Light Communication (VLC) unidirectional system is one intriguing option for an Indoor Positioning System (IPS). The need on continually active LED lighting, which can lead to needless energy use, especially during times when ambient daylight is adequate, is a major drawback of many current VLC-based IPS implementations. Furthermore, 2D localization has been the focus of most indoor Visible Light Positioning (VLP) research, frequently presuming a fixed receiver height. The impact of height variations, which can create major positional mistakes in real-world applications, is overlooked by this simplification. Additionally, four LEDs are used in the majority of VLP studies, which raises the system's cost.To get around the drawbacks of conventional VLC configurations, a 3D IPS is suggested in this paper. For continuous location even when the LEDs look "OFF" to the human sight, the system uses a Dark Light VLC (DL-VLC) framework with numerous transmitters and a single receiver. By disregarding the requirement for continuous visible illumination, this method greatly improves energy efficiency. According to simulation results, the suggested system operates within typical room dimensions with a placement error of about 2 cm at 0.6 m receiver. The outcomes are in good agreement with earlier findings, indicating the system's accuracy and feasibility. Additionally, the system cost is reduced by using three LEDs rather than four.The main contributions of this work are: i) Three LEDs are being used instead of four LEDs with less localization error which is less expensive, saves more energy and is more efficient, and ii) The localization error is improved by 50% as the system demonstrates a remarkable accuracy, with an average positioning error consistently below 2 cm compared to an error of 3.2 cm when using four LEDs.