Engineered nanoparticle doping, structural, and optical innovations in polyvinyl alcohol composites for advanced optoelectronic applications

Abstract

This comprehensive review explores polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and its nanocomposite films with a focus on their optical and electronic properties for optoelectronic applications. The study begins by examining the fundamental characteristics and applicability of PVA as a versatile polymer matrix, followed by an in-depth analysis of PVA films and their tunable features. The synthesis methodologies for PVA/nanocomposite films are critically evaluated, highlighting recent advancements in fabrication techniques. A significant portion of the review is dedicated to investigating the optical properties of these materials through various theoretical frameworks, including dielectric function analysis, microscopic and classical models, harmonic oscillator models, and nonlinear optical behaviors. The review thoroughly examines interband transitions and employs analytical approaches such as Tauc’s method and the Wemple-DiDomenico technique to elucidate band gap characteristics. The optical and electronic properties of various PVA/nanocomposite systems are systematically compared, establishing structure-property relationships crucial for device engineering. Finally, the review concludes by exploring prospects of PVA-based advanced materials in emerging optoelectronic applications, identifying research gaps and promising directions for further investigation. This work provides valuable insights for researchers and industry professionals seeking to develop next-generation optoelectronic devices utilizing PVA-based nanocomposite materials.