Energy Poverty in Nigeria: A Review

Abstract

Approximately 70% of the Nigerian population experiences energy poverty. The country generates about 4500 MW of electricity for over 200 million people, and half of its population lacks reliable access to power. With that in mind, this study aims to examine the various aspects of energy poverty in Nigeria and to provide steps to address this as well as recommendations. The study employed both quantitative and qualitative methodologies to reveal that energy poverty in Nigeria is largely a result of inadequate infrastructure and poor governance, and is heavily dependent on traditional, harmful energy sources. Additionally, poor maintenance and deterioration of energy facilities, as well as government corruption, also contribute to this. Both methodologies are used in the review because they provide a comprehensive, holistic, and validated understanding of the study by merging statistical precision with deep, contextual insight. The review establishes that Nigeria’s power sector faces financial difficulties, inefficient distribution networks, and significant energy losses, all of which further complicate efforts to meet rising electricity demand. Policy interventions and the other factors mentioned in the study are ways to address energy poverty in the country. Hence, policies that aim to increase access to affordable, reliable energy are welcome and recommended. Through this medium, policymakers are responsible for ensuring sustainable economic growth in the long term, which will benefit and promote the country.