Energy and environmental evaluation of alternative fuel vehicles in Maghreb countries

Abstract

This study conducts a well-to-wheel assessment of alternative fuel vehicles in the Maghreb region, aiming to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the transport sector. The research employs international standards, ISO 14040–14043, to assess diesel, hybrid-electric, battery-electric, and fuel-cell vehicles and highlights the potential benefits of transitioning to electric and fuel-cell vehicles in the Maghreb, offering energy efficiency and reduced environmental impact. The sensitivity analysis suggests that fuel-cell vehicles are the best alternative for Morocco and Algeria, while battery-electric vehicles are preferable in Tunisia. By 2030, fuel-cell vehicles in Morocco and Algeria would consume 128 ​MJ and 125 ​MJ and emit 7.9 CO2eq and 7.1 CO2eq emissions per 100 ​km, respectively, while in Tunisia, battery-electric vehicles are expected to consume 114 ​MJ and emit 6.55 CO2eq emissions per 100 ​km driven. Ultimately, the right adoption of alternative fuel vehicles in the Maghreb region implies half energy need cut off and 60% less GHG emissions from light-duty vehicles leading to improved environmental conditions, health outcomes, and economic growth.