article · Results in Engineering
Recent developments in sustainable building materials encompass natural resources like bamboo and hemp, recycled options including crushed concrete and plastics, and advanced composites such as fibre-reinforced polymers. Incorporating nano-silica and nano-titanium dioxide enhances material functionality and durability, whilst embedded nanosensors allow for real-time structural health monitoring. Furthermore, advanced manufacturing practices such as 3D printing and automated fabrication increase construction efficiency and reduce waste. Standardised evaluations under international benchmarks confirm the mechanical viability and environmental benefits of these materials, supported by case studies in notable structures. Broader uptake, however, continues to be constrained by high initial capital costs, integration hurdles, and strict regulatory standards. Expanding future adoption will require interdisciplinary solutions to scalability, alongside deeper integration with artificial intelligence and smart technologies.
Traditional construction creates heavy environmental burdens through carbon emissions and resource depletion. Transitioning to sustainable materials, from agricultural fibres to recycled plastics and advanced composites, reduces ecological damage. Validating these materials through global mechanical and environmental standards helps ensure that new infrastructure is resilient, long-lasting, and environmentally responsible without sacrificing structural performance.
These technologies are targeted at construction firms, building contractors, and materials manufacturers seeking resource-efficient alternatives. Case studies in iconic buildings and validation through testing standards suggest an applied development level. However, near-market commercialisation remains constrained by high initial production costs, technical compatibility issues, and demanding regulatory compliance requirements.
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• Nano-silica and nano-TiO2 boost material durability and functionality. • Nanosensors enable real-time infrastructure health monitoring. • Case studies show practical applications in iconic structures. • Integration with AI and IoT points to smarter future infrastructure. This study rigorously assesses the latest advancements in sustainable building materials, focusing on their classification, innovative production technologies, and performance metrics. We categorize sustainable materials into natural substances, such as bamboo and hemp; recycled products, like crushed concrete and recycled plastics; and innovative composites, including fiber-reinforced polymers. We emphasize the application of advanced manufacturing techniques such as 3D printing and automated fabrication, which significantly boost efficiency and minimize waste in the construction industry. These materials are critically evaluated using standards such as ASTM for mechanical properties and ISO for environmental impacts, affirming their practical viability and durability. However, the adoption of these materials faces obstacles like high initial costs, technical integration challenges, and stringent regulatory frameworks. We provide specific examples, such as the economic impact of switching to bio-based composites and the technical adjustments required for incorporating recycled plastics into structural applications. Looking forward, this paper delves into prospects and research directions, highlighting the need for scalability and integration into conventional construction practices to fully harness the potential of these sustainable materials. This work underscores the vital role of sustainable materials in fostering environmentally friendly and resilient built environments, advocating for continued research and interdisciplinary collaboration to navigate existing challenges and achieve widespread implementation.
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DOI: 10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103521
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