Embedding One Health into primary care in Somalia

Abstract

Health systems in fragile and conflict-affected settings are shaped by a convergence of pressures, including chronic underinvestment, protracted conflict, humanitarian crises, and accelerating climate shocks.1,2 Somalia exemplifies this intersection, with more than three decades of fragile governance and recurrent emergencies having left the country’s health services fragmented, under-resourced, and deeply inequitable.1,2 Primary care, the cornerstone of universal health coverage, remains chronically underfunded and poorly coordinated, characterised by shortages of trained personnel, weak infrastructure, and heavy reliance on largely unregulated private health service provision.