Embedded systems, AI, and Robotics: The New Age of Vital Signs Monitoring

Abstract

Vital Signs are key measures that reveal a person’s general health status. Conventional measurement tools such as electrocardiogram (ECG), chest belts, pulse oximeters, cuff-based sphygmomanometers and thermometers are reliable but require physical contact with the patient, which may be uncomfortable and risk of transmitting infections during epidemics. Camera based vital signs technology presents a promising alternative, offering flexible and user-friendly solution for clinical and non-clinical applications. This work explores recent advances in camerabased vital signs estimation methods, with a particular focus on signal extraction and processing techniques, AI-based algorithms, and embedded implementations. In addition, the role of robotic platforms equipped with cameras is discussed as an innovative approach that enables flexible and mobile sensing in dynamic environments.