Elucidation of the biodegradation mechanisms of fungi in efficient pollutant removal from wastewater

Abstract

Microorganisms indeed play a crucial role in various aspects of our lives and the environment, particularly in areas such as human health and ecological balance. Furthermore, they are versatile and powerful tools that are harnessed for various beneficial purposes, such as bioremediation and biotechnology advancements. Continued research and innovation in the field of microbiology hold great promise for addressing environmental challenges, improving industrial processes, and enhancing human health and well-being. Bacteria, fungi and algae are highly incorporated in several environmental applications; however, the fastidious nature of some bacteria limits their application in wastewater treatment. Therefore, in recent years, researchers have focused on the utilization of fungi in wastewater treatment applications owing to their easy adaptation and resistance to chemicals. This review article focuses on the mechanisms by which fungi biodegrade pollutants in wastewater, specifically highlighting their roles in removing contaminants such as industrial wastes, pharmaceuticals, and organic compounds.