Efficacy of isokinetic in the management of patellofemoral pain syndrome: a narrative review

Abstract

Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is a common musculoskeletal condition that significantly impacts physical function and quality of life. This review evaluates the role of isokinetic knee strengthening exercises in the management of PFPS, highlighting key findings from recent studies. Isokinetic strengthening, particularly focused on eccentric quadriceps contractions, has shown significant improvements in pain reduction, functional performance, and quadriceps strength. Notably, studies demonstrate enhanced outcomes in PFPS patients with bilateral symptoms, as well as in specific populations such as overweight/obese individuals. Despite these benefits, the evidence suggests that isokinetic exercises alone may not fully maintain functional performance, indicating the need for multimodal rehabilitation strategies like eccentric isometric training that can be combined with closed chain exercises (e.g., squats) to enhance functional transfer. Additionally, isokinetic protocols show promise in addressing impaired proprioception and neuromuscular control, particularly in patients with overexertion-related symptoms. Future research should explore the long-term efficacy, cost-effectiveness, and mechanistic underpinnings of isokinetic training to further refine treatment approaches and enhance clinical outcomes.