Effects of forward head posture on cervical proprioception, muscle endurance, and cardiopulmonary function during cognitive-motor tasks among university students: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background: Forward head posture (FHP) has become a common problem among university students, Mainly due to prolonged use of digital device and long periods of sedentary study. This postural deviation can affect cervical proprioception, deep cervical muscle endurance, and cardiopulmonary responses. However, there are limited researches has discussed these collected variables during functionally demanding, dual-task tasks. Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between FHP severity and (1) cervical joint position error, (2) Endurance of deep cervical flexor and extensors muscles, and (3) heart rate and respiratory rate during a cognitive-motor situations. Methods: Eighty students in the age from 18 to 26 were divided into two groups, FHP and normal posture groups according to craniovertebral angle (CVA). Joint position sense, muscle endurance, and cardiopulmonary responses during a stepping–arithmetic dual-task were assessed. Results: Significant differences were found. Comparison between FHP and normal posture groups was showed greater joint position error, reduced cervical muscle endurance, and higher cardiopulmonary strain during dual-tasking with those with FHP compared to normal posture Students. CVA showed meaningful correlations with proprioceptive accuracy and muscle endurance, and both joint position error and flexor endurance predicted cardiopulmonary strain. Conclusion: Students who experienced FHP have a functional implication of FHP, Therefore there is an significant importance of early screening and targeted rehabilitation for students exhibiting this postural deviation.