Effect of using nano-particles of magnesium oxide and titanium dioxide to enhance physical and mechanical properties of hip joint bone cement

Abstract

In this work, the effect of adding Magnesium Oxide (MgO) and Titanium Dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles to enhance the properties of the bone cement used for hip prosthesis fixation. Related to previous work on enhanced bone cement properties utilizing MgO and TiO₂, samples of composite bone cement were made using three different ratios (0.5%:1%, 1.5%:1.5%, and 1%:0.5%) w/w of MgO and TiO₂ to determine the optimal enhancement ratio. Hardness, compression, and bending tests were calculated to check the mechanical properties of pure and composite bone cement. The surface structure was studied using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Setting temperature, porosity, and degradation were calculated for each specimen ratio to check values matched with the standard range of bone cement. The results demonstrate a slight decrease in porosity up to 2.2% and degradation up to 0.17% with NP-containing composites, as well as acceptable variations in FTIR and setting temperature. The compression strength increased by 2.8% and hardness strength increased by 1.89% on adding 0.5%w/w of MgO and 1.5%w/w TiO2 NPs. Bending strength increases by 0.35% on adding 1.5% w/w of MgO and 0.5% w/w TiO₂ NPs, however, SEM scan shows remarkable improvement for surface structure.