Effect of Ultraviolet Radiation from Welding Activities on Ocular Tissues of Albino Rats

Abstract

Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) causes acute eye injuries such as photokeratitis with accompanying symptoms such as ocular pain, tearing, and a sensation of sand in the eye. This research aimed to assess the impact of ultraviolet radiation on ocular tissues due to the use of various welding machines in some welding workshops within Ogbomoso. This research is crucial for understanding and mitigating the ocular risks of UV radiation exposure in welding, enhancing occupational safety and guiding protective equipment standards. Fifteen male albino rats were grouped into cages A, B and C of five rats each. Group A served as the control group, Group B was exposed to UVR from imported welding machine while Group C was exposed to UVR from locally constructed welding machine for 4 hours at 25 cm distance for 7 days consecutively. The rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation and their eyes fixed in 10% formalin for histological examination of ocular tissues: sclera, uvea, cornea retina, lens and conjunctiva. The histological examination of ocular tissues from albino rats in Groups B and C showed significant damage, including the fragmentation of eye tissues, indicating severe cellular disruption. Hemorrhaging of blood vessels was observed, with blood leaking into surrounding tissues, suggesting trauma and potential vision impairment. The presence of edema indicated swelling due to fluid accumulation, which can increase eye pressure and damage delicate structures. Additionally, the retina showed irregular thickening, a sign of chronic inflammation or stress, potentially disrupting normal vision. These implies that activities of locally and imported welding machines may pose radiological damage to the eyes of welders and cause severe damage to the tissue of the eyes. By specifically targeting ocular health, the research addresses a critical but often overlooked aspect of occupational safety, with findings that highlight the need for improved protective measures for welders. Hence, workplace safety and the use of personal protective equipment such as welding helmet, goggles and face shields should be enforced to minimize UV radiation exposure