Effect of Platelet-Rich Plasma Versus Platelet Lysate on Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis-Like Skin Inflammation in Adult Male Albino Rat Model: A Histological, Immunohistochemical, and Ultrastructural Study

Abstract

Psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated inflammation. Platelet derivatives, such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP), are used in regenerative medicine because of their high cytokine and growth factor content. Platelet lysate (PL) is a promising substitute, potentially improving tissue regeneration and reducing inflammation, but its therapeutic potential remains unexplored. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the therapeutic efficacy of PRP and PL in ameliorating imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriatic skin changes. To that end, 50 rats were divided into five groups: the blood donor group (I); the control group (II); the psoriasis-induced group (III), which received topical treatment with IMQ (62.5 mg, 5% cream); the group treated with PRP (IV); and the group treated with PL (V). In groups IV and V, psoriasis was induced, then subcutaneously injected with PRP and PL, respectively. Skin samples were collected for gross, histological, morphometric, ultrastructural, biochemical, and statistical evaluations. Our analysis showed that group III exhibited hallmark psoriatic changes, including acanthosis, hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis, and dermal inflammatory infiltration, confirmed by ultrastructural analysis. The levels of both IL-17A and MDA, the PASI score, PCNA, NF-κB, and PDGF immunoreactivity were significantly elevated. However, SOD levels were reduced. When compared to the PRP-treated group IV, the PL-treated group V exhibited a marked improvement in these pathological changes. In conclusion, PRP and PL showed potential in reducing IMQ-induced psoriatic skin changes, with PL showing superior efficacy.