Effect of Onion Extract Nanoparticle Gel Phonophoresis on Postsurgical Scar of Cesarean-Section

Abstract

Cesarean-section deliveries are often linked to a heightened risk of undesirable scarring, which considerably affects the psychological and social dimensions of life. This paper evaluates the impact of the Onion extract nanoparticle gel phonophoresis on the postsurgical scar resulting from the cesarean section. Forty mothers aged between 20 and 35 years, they experienced postsurgical scars following the cesarean sections and randomly divided into two equal groups. All mothers participated in a 12-week treatment program for 3 sessions per week. Phonophoresis group used the onion extract nanoparticle gel phonophoresis alongside a deep friction massage. Conventional group received a sham treatment of the onion extract nanoparticle gel phonophoresis alongside a deep friction massage. After intervention all outcome measures were evaluated for all mothers using the Schiotz tonometer and the Modified Vancouver scar assessment scale. Concerning baseline data, there was no statistical difference between both groups (P>0.05). There was a notable enhancement in the postsurgical scars associated with cesarean sections in both the phonophoresis and conventional groups following the intervention. Nevertheless, a highly significant difference was observed between the phonophoresis group and the conventional group, favoring the phonophoresis group. The mothers in phonophoresis group showed more improvement in tonometer percentage (47.04%) than mothers in conventional group (20.08 %), with a similar trend in pliability, height, vascularity and pigmentation. The findings indicated that onion extract nanoparticle gel phonophoresis is a promising and a non-invasive treatment for enhancing the quality of the post-cesarean scars.