Effect of Nanobiofertilizer on Essential Amino Acid Constituents

Abstract

The human health is relatively influenced by unstable and low-quality production of foods in crop plants, and agricultural production and plant nutrient bioavailability are evaluated using nutrient utilization efficiency (NUE). Enhanced productivity is facilitated through natural and synthetic fertilizer applications through different processes, some of which may result in damages to the atmosphere, aquatic habitats, and the ecosphere. Different approaches have been employed to circumvent all the adverse effects including hydroponics techniques, which are neither economical nor sustainable due to higher consumption of resources. Consequently, diverse biotic and inert stresses influence the fabrication and nutritional value of crops, and plant cellular organelles are disrupted by ultraviolet radiation. Subsequently, different biofortification schemes have been employed to enhance the nutritional contents of crops while the utilization of organic components is hindered by their minimal mineral content and lengthy duration of release. Nanotechnology has received significant attention from researchers as a potent tool to transform agricultural processes because of its rich agrochemical delivery characteristics. Amino acids are necessary for protein synthesis, metabolic and transport roles, among others, in plants. Different regions of the world have embraced the application of nanofertilizers/nanoparticles for improved crop growth environmental health. Nano-encapsulated traditional fertilizers facilitate an unrushed and sustained discharge of nutrients over a lengthy window period with subsequent minimal nutrient losses, chemical alterations, and chemical fertilizers and enhanced nutrient availability and uptake, environmental-friendliness, including cost-effectiveness. Nanoparticles possess capacity to influence DNA cloning and protein expression of microarray analysis have shown their significant outcomes on the transcriptome of bacteria and stimulation of various genes. Therefore, nanobiofertilizers’ effect on essential amino acids constitutes immense benefits to plant health and the ecosystems at large.