EFFECT OF MALARIA ON THE RETICULOCYTE COUNT OF FEMALE STUDENTS OF A UNIVERSITY IN ELELE, RIVERS STATE

Abstract

Abstract Background Malaria remains a significant public health challenge in sub-Saharan Africa, with profound haematological consequences, particularly anaemia. Objective This study investigated the impact of Plasmodium falciparum infection on reticulocyte counts among female undergraduate students at Madonna University, Nigeria, a hyperendemic region. Methods A cross-sectional analysis of 40 participants aged 15-30 years was conducted during peak transmission season (April-October). Malaria diagnosis was confirmed through Giemsa-stained microscopy and rapid diagnostic testing, while reticulocyte counts were performed manually using new methylene blue staining. Results The result revealed 80% malaria prevalence, with the highest rates in 18-20 year-olds (50%). Parasite density distribution showed 90.6% low, 6.3% moderate, and 3.1% high parasitemia cases. Reticulocyte counts were significantly lower in high parasitemia cases (0.8%) compared to low/moderate parasitemia (1.4%) and uninfected students (1.3%). Age-related patterns emerged, with the lowest reticulocyte counts in infected 15-17 year-olds (0.36%) and highest in ≥24 year-olds (1.67%). Conclusion The findings demonstrate malaria’s hematological impact in this population and suggest the utility of reticulocyte monitoring in assessing infection severity.