Effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa Fibre Reinforcement on the Physical Properties of Polymethyl Methacrylate

Abstract

Polymers and reinforcing fibers are used in a number of applications across industries. Recently, rising environmental and global concerns have necessitated a shift towards the use of natural products to improve polymer matrices. H. sabdariffa fibre has attracted research attention as an emerging lignocellulosic fibre following the discovery of its reinforcement potentials and has been used to reinforce various polymers. While its use has been reported in various polymer systems, there is limited evidence on its use in improving the properties of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA resins). This study examined the hardness, wear resistance and water absorption behaviour of natural fiber (Hibiscus sabdariffa) improved PMMA resin. Two groups of PMMA specimens were prepared. One group without fibres was used as a control and the other group contained 7.5 weight percentage mercerized Hibiscus sabdariffa fibers. For each group, hardness, wear resistance and water absorption behaviour were measured. One-way ANOVA, and t-test and Mann-Whitney tests were used for comparison (P < .05). There was no significant differences in the hardness value (P < .707), and the specific wear rate at 200g load (P < .156) between the sample groups. Significant differences existed in the specific wear rate at 500g load (P < .044) as well as the water absorption behaviour (P < .041) between the two sample groups. Incorporation of mercerized Hibiscus sabdariffa fibers into PMMA resins could improve the physical properties of denture base materials. Improved physical properties could offer confidence and satisfaction to patients.