Effect of Bionanofertilizer on Proximate Composition of Crops

Abstract

Nanofertilizers are engineered nanomaterials with size range of 1–100 nm, which can supply one or several nutrients to the rhizosphere of plants in a controlled manner, thereby enhancing crop growth and productivity. Synthesis of the nanomaterials can be performed using physical or chemical methods. However, the environmentally hazardous conditions, cost-intensive nature, toxic capping agents and solvents associated with these methods have prompted the need for a biogenic approach wherein bacteria, plants, algae and fungi, and their derivative components are employed as nanofactories to produce single or multielement nanomaterials that have utility as bionanofertilizers. Compared to conventional fertilizers, biosynthesized nanofertilizers offer several potential advantages like efficient nutrient utilization, controlled nutrient release, enhancement of soil fertility, and modification of soil environment to stimulate the growth of beneficial microbes. In this chapter, we review the synthesis, composition, and properties of bionanofertilizers. Next, we highlight their effects on the proximate parameters of crops.