article · Frontiers in Endocrinology
Diabetic nephropathy represents a primary cause of end-stage renal disease, but standard diagnostic indicators often detect damage only after significant declines in kidney function. A comparative cross-sectional study of 140 individuals with type 2 diabetes evaluated whether serum cystatin C levels and lipid profiles could assist in identifying the condition. Participants with diabetic nephropathy showed significant lipoprotein abnormalities alongside markedly higher concentrations of serum cystatin C compared to those without renal complications. Statistical analysis confirmed that serum cystatin C, systolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, diabetes duration, and various lipid measures were significantly linked to the presence of nephropathy. Furthermore, fasting glucose and lipid measures correlated directly with serum cystatin C levels, while female participants demonstrated higher levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein.
Current methods for identifying kidney disease in diabetic patients frequently miss the earliest stages of organ damage. Demonstrating that blood markers such as cystatin C and specific cholesterol indicators associate closely with diabetic nephropathy could help clinicians spot renal vulnerability earlier, potentially improving long-term care management and reducing rates of complete kidney failure.
This research provides clinical evidence supporting the use of serum cystatin C and lipid profiling as diagnostic indicators for diabetic kidney disease. Diagnostic laboratories, assay developers, and clinicians could utilise these parameters for earlier screening protocols. As an observational cross-sectional study conducted on 140 patients, the work represents early-stage clinical research that requires broader validation and integration into clinical diagnostic workflows before formal commercial deployment.
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Background: Diabetic nephropathy is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease. The diagnostic markers of nephropathy, including the presence of albuminuria and/or a reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate, are not clinically ideal, and most of them are raised after a significant reduction in renal function. Therefore, it is crucial to seek more sensitive and non-invasive biomarkers for the diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy. Objective of the study: This study aimed to investigate the serum cystatin C levels and dyslipidemia for the detection of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methodology: A hospital-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2021 to August 2022 in Tikur, Anbessa specialized teaching hospital with a sample size of 140 patients with type2 diabetes mellitus. Socio-demographic data was collected using a structured questionnaire, and 5 mL of blood was collected from each participant following overnight fasting for biochemical analyses. Results: In type 2 diabetes patients with nephropathy, we found significant lipoprotein abnormalities and an increase in serum cystatin C (P < 0.001) compared to those without nephropathy. Serum cystatin C, systolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein, very low-density lipoprotein, high density lipoprotein, and duration of diabetes were identified as being significantly associated with diabetic nephropathy (P < 0.05) in multivariable logistic regression analysis. The mean values of total cholesterol levels, triglyceride levels, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were also found to be significantly higher (P < 0.05) in females as compared to male type-2 diabetic patients. The fasting blood glucose levels and lipid profiles of the participants were found to be significantly associated with serum cystatin C levels. Conclusion: The present study found significant serum cystatin C and lipoprotein abnormalities in T2DM patients with diabetic nephropathy when compared with those without diabetic nephropathy, and these lipoprotein abnormalities were significantly associated with serum cystatin C levels.
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DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1124367
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