Dynamics of second-law analysis and thermal performance in solar-powered tractors using a parabolic trough solar collector filled with tri-hybrid nanofluid

Abstract

Abstract The global agricultural sector is undergoing a transition toward sustainable energy solutions to reduce reliance on fossil fuels and mitigate environmental impact. Solar-powered tractors represent a promising alternative, leveraging renewable energy sources to enhance efficiency and reduce operational costs. This study investigates the second-law analysis and thermal performance of a solar-powered tractor utilizing a parabolic trough solar collector filled with a tri-hybrid nanofluid. The study focuses on the thermodynamic performance of a Williamson nanofluid comprising copper (Cu), titanium dioxide (TiO₂), and silver (Ag) nanoparticles dispersed in an ethylene glycol (EG) base liquid. The research examines entropy generation, energy efficiency, and heat transfer characteristics to optimize the system’s performance. The governing equations are formulated based on fluid dynamics and thermodynamics, incorporating the effects of thermal radiation, viscous dissipation, and slip velocity. The governing equations are transformed using similarity transformations and solved numerically via the Galerkin method. The results highlight the impact of the thermophysical properties of the tri-hybrid nanofluid on entropy minimization and heat transport enhancement. The outcomes display that growing Cu-TiO₂-Ag/EG Williamson nanofluid nanoparticle concentration improves thermal conductivity. Also, the thermal radiation parameter significantly enhances fluid temperature. The findings contribute to the development of efficient solar-powered agricultural systems, promoting sustainability and energy conservation in the farming sector.