article · Australian Journal of Crop Science
Climatic changes contribute to global reductions in crop productivity, with drought and salinity representing major abiotic stresses for barley production in arid and semi-arid regions. These stresses impair plant growth and yield by reducing assimilation rates, decreasing stomatal conductance, disrupting photosynthetic pigments, hindering gas exchange, and elevating reactive oxygen species. Barley plants adapt through physiological and biochemical mechanisms to counter these impacts. Mitigating these adverse effects relies on several practical approaches, including tailored soil management practices, careful crop establishment, and the foliar application of antioxidants and plant growth regulators. Such interventions help sustain adequate leaf water content to facilitate osmotic adjustment and preserve stomatal performance. In particular, the exogenous application of antioxidants plays an important role in helping plant systems alleviate salinity and drought pressures for sustainable barley production.
Global climate shifts are intensifying drought and soil salinity, directly threatening grain yields in arid and semi-arid agricultural zones. Understanding how crops like barley experience and tolerate these stresses allows growers to adopt targeted cultivation techniques and protective treatments, helping secure essential food and feed production against increasingly harsh weather patterns.
The findings point to applications in crop management and agrochemical treatments, specifically foliar sprays containing antioxidants or plant growth regulators, alongside adjusted soil management practices for barley growers. Because this work synthesises existing agronomic practices and biochemical treatments rather than testing a specific proprietary product, practical adoption relies on implementing established farming methods or developing targeted spray formulations for commercial use.
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Recent trends show reductions in crop productivity worldwide due to severe climatic change. Different abiotic stresses significantly affect the growth and development of plants, leading to decreased crop yields. Salinity and drought stresses are the most common abiotic stresses, especially in arid and semi–arid regions, and are major constraints for barley production. The present review attempts to provide comprehensive information related to barley plant responses and adaptations to drought and salinity stresses, including physiological and agronomic, in order to alleviate the adverse effect of stresses in barley. These stresses reduce assimilation rates, as they decrease stomatal conductance, disrupt photosynthetic pigments, reduce gas exchange, enhance production of reactive oxygen species, and lead to decreased plant growth and productivity. This review focuses on the strategies plants use to respond and adapt to drought and salinity stress. Plants utilize a range of physiological and biochemical mechanisms such as adaptation strategies, through which the adverse effects can be mitigated. These include soil management practices, crop establishment, as well as foliar application of anti-oxidants and growth regulators that maintain an appropriate level of water in the leaves to facilitate adjustment of osmotic and stomatal performance. The present review highlighted the adverse effect of drought and salinity stresses barley and their mitigation strategies for sustainable barley production under changing climate. They review also underscored that exogenous application of different antioxidants could play a significant role in the alleviation of salinity and drought stress in plant systems.
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DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.19.13.06.p1286
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