article · International Journal of Progressive Sciences and Technologies (Medical University Varna)
RESUME La Drepanocytose peut etre decrite du point de vue biochimique comme la consequence d’un dysfonctionnement du shunt de pentoses phosphate, la principale voie metabolique impliquee dans la protection des erythrocytes contre les radicaux libres. A cet effet, apres la lyse erythrocytaire, l’oxyhemoglobine peut s’auto-oxyder en methemoglobine en liberant le radical superoxyde qui en presence des protons forme de l’eau oxygenee. Le peroxyde d’hydrogene peut s’engager dans une cascade de reactions d’oxydation notamment en oxydant le Fer (reaction de Fenton) ou l’oxyhemoglobine, etc. L’hemoglobine peut aussi se liee au monoxyde d’azote (NO) dans le milieu extracellulaire plasmatique reduisant la biodisponibilite intravasculaire de ce gaz physiologique tout en provoquant une vasoconstriction. En milieu extracellulaire, cette hemoproteine peut se liee par sa fonction amine au glucose (fonction aldehyde) en vue de la formation de l’hemoglobine glyquee (ou base de Schiff) et ainsi creer un etat de stress oxydatif generalise. En outre, la falciformation des hematies et leur destruction au niveau splenique reduisent la capacite fonctionnelle de la rate rendant ainsi le sujet drepanocytaire vulnerable aux infections bacteriennes. Au niveau vasculaire, les radicaux libres provoquent une hyperplasie de l’intima par proliferation des cellules musculaires lisses des gros vaisseaux. La presente revue de la litterature consacree a la drepanocytose a ete initiee dans le but de mieux comprendre les bases scientifiques de cette maladie genetique afin de mieux la controler au moyen de la therapeutique disponible. La recherche bioclinique consiste donc a identifier les medicaments ayant les proprietes de s’opposer aux consequences physiopathologiques de la drepanocytose. MOTS CLES : Hemoglobine S, radicaux libres, hyperplasie, intima, S-nitrosohemoglobine ABSTRACT Sickle cell disease can be described biochemically as a consequence of a dysfunction of the pentose phosphate shunt, the main metabolic pathway involved in the protection of erythrocytes against free radicals. To this end, after erythrocyte lysis, oxyhaemoglobin can self-oxidize to methemoglobin by releasing the superoxide radical which in the presence of protons forms hydrogen peroxide. Hydrogen peroxide can engage in a cascade of oxidation reactions, notably by oxidizing iron (Fenton reaction) or oxyhemoglobin, etc. Hemoglobin can also bind to nitric oxide (NO) in the plasma extracellular medium reducing the intravascular bioavailability of this physiological gas while causing vasoconstriction. In the extracellular medium, this haemoprotein can bind via its amine function to glucose (aldehyde function) to form glycated hemoglobin (or Schiff base) and thus create a state of generalized oxidative stress. In addition, the sickling of red blood cells and their destruction at splenic level reduces the functional capacity of the spleen, making the sickle cell patient vulnerable to bacterial infections. At the vascular level, free radicals cause intimal hyperplasia through the proliferation of smooth muscle cells in large vessels. This literature review on sickle cell disease was initiated with the aim of better understanding the scientific basis of this genetic disease in order to better control it with available therapeutics. Bioclinical research therefore consists of identifying drugs with the properties to counteract the pathophysiological consequences of sickle cell disease. KEYWORDS : S-hemoglobin, free radicals, hyperplasia, intima, S-nitrosohemoglobin
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DOI: 10.52155/ijpsat.v28.2.3575
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