Down syndrome in Africa: Challenges, opportunities, and future directions

Abstract

Projected increases in life expectancy for individuals with Down syndrome (DS) in Africa will lead to a substantial rise in DS-associated Alzheimer's disease (DSAD), necessitating urgent planning and response. There is a critical lack of epidemiological, cognitive, and biomarker data on adults with DS in Africa, hindering accurate diagnosis, care planning, and inclusion in global research. Innovative, scalable solutions-such as mobile biomarker sampling and culturally adapted cognitive assessments-offer an opportunity to integrate scientific advances with Africa's strengths in community-based care. Investment in research and capacity building is essential to address current gaps, reduce disparities, and ensure equitable access to emerging diagnostics and treatments for DSAD across the continent.