Does the Olea europaea oil possess anti-Toxoplasma potential in experimentally infected mice model?

Abstract

Background: The existing medications of toxoplasmosis have potential failures with several side effects. Therefore, developing efficient therapy from natural sources is urgently needed.Objective: To investigate the potential activity of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), extracted from Olea europaea against T. gondii (RH strain) tachyzoites, and to evaluate its immunomodulatory effects. Material and Methods: The current work included 60 mice divided into 5 equal groups; negative and positive controls, and the applied treatment (Septrin, EVOO, or a combination). Following 5 d of treatment, mice behavioral changes and survival rate were monitored. Parasite load was calculated, and ultrastructural examination of the treated tachyzoites was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Histopathological examination of the livers and spleens of the treated mice were performed. Additionally, biochemical assessment of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA) and TNF-α was performed. Phytochemical analysis was performed in advance using gas chromatography to detect fatty acid composition; Folin–Ciocalteu method and spectrometry to detect the total phenolic content; and HPLC to detect α-tocopherol.Results: Combining EVOO with Septrin enhanced its therapeutic efficacy. The natural compounds in EVOO could expand the efficacy of the conventional antiparasitic treatment, as shown in the current results with reduced parasite loads, improved survival of the infected mice, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant outcomes in mice treated with EVOO, either alone or in combination. Conclusion:EVOO has a promising immunomodulating activity to be administered with commonly used drugs in acute toxoplasmosis.