Dietary effects of Sanacore® GM on productive performance, immune-antioxidative status, cytokines, and resistance of European sea bass to <i>Vibrio alginolyticus</i> infection

Abstract

This study examined the dietary effects of Sanacore®GM (SAN) on growth and production, immune-antioxidative status, cytokines, and the resistance of European sea bass to Vibrio alginolyticus infection. Fish (28.5–32.3 g) were fed on 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, and 8.0 g SAN/kg feed for ten weeks. Following that, fish were intraperitoneally injected with V. alginolyticus, and observed for further ten days. Among different water quality parameters, only unionized ammonia and nitrite values were significantly declined in groups received 4.0–8.0 g SAN/kg feed. Significant increases in fish growth, production, hematological, and immune-antioxidant indices were observed in SAN-fed fish. Compared with the control group, IL-1β and TNF-α genes expressions were down-regulated in groups fed on 4.0–8.0 g SAN/kg feed. After bacterial infection, low fish mortalities (20%–10%) were observed in fish fed with 4.0–8.0 g SAN/feed, respectively. The polynomial fitting curve demonstrates that the optimum SAN level for European sea bass is 5.0 g/kg feed.