Diaspora Engagement in Knowledge, Skills and Technology Transfer in Ethiopia

Abstract

Abstract The engagement of Ethiopia’s professional diaspora in knowledge, skills and technology transfer ( KSTT ) is a vital yet underexplored aspect of national development. Although a diaspora policy has been in place for nearly a decade, its effectiveness is unclear. This national mixed-methods study appraises current practices, drawing on data from government institutions, universities, hospitals and diaspora individuals. Findings reveal that although post-2018 reforms broadened engagement beyond remittances, contributions remain fragmented and confined to soft-skills transfer. A critical analysis identifies that this limited impact stems from systemic barriers: institutional fragmentation, bureaucratic bottlenecks, a persistent trust deficit and the politicisation of the diaspora. Therefore, effective KSTT requires a fundamental shift to address these root causes. The study recommends targeted interventions, including mandating institutional diaspora focal points, creating a ‘Green Channel’ for customs, launching a national digital matching platform, and fostering depoliticised engagement forums to build a sustainable and effective diaspora engagement ecosystem.