Diagnostic performance and inter-reviewer agreement of colour Doppler ultrasound in haemodialysis fistula and graft complications: a multicentre prospective study

Abstract

CDUS is a noninvasive diagnostic approach for the prompt picking of AVF complications. It serves as a suitable first-line imaging modality for nonfunctional AVF due to its cost-effectiveness and accessibility. Additionally, we provide evidence of reproducibility, encouraging the diligent use of CDUS in AVF and AVG evaluation for early complication detection and management guidance.