Diabetic effect on CNS and the protective role of A. lipoic acid: Review of Literature

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a is a common metabolic disease caused by deficiency in insulin secretion and/or insulin resistance that cause an excessive rise in blood sugar levels. Persistent hyperglycemia is a hallmark of diabetes mellitusDiabetes can contribute to a condition known as diabetic encephalopathy. It is characterized by structural and functional abnormalities in the brain, including neuronal loss, altered synaptic density and neurotransmitter systems. The cerebral cortex can be affected, leading to cognitive decline, memory impairment, and executive dysfunction.Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA), known as Thioctic acid is a naturally occurring compound that functions as a powerful antioxidant in the body. It is produced in small amounts by de novo synthesis in the body using cysteine and fatty acids and can also be obtained through dietary sources such as organ meats, spinach, broccoli, and potatoes. while the human body produces small amounts of a-LA, obtaining it through dietary sources or supplements can significantly increase its availability.