Development of a framework for advancing work‐integrated learning in agricultural management at higher education institutions in South Africa: A best‐fit synthesis‐informed conceptual framework

Abstract

Abstract Employers in the agricultural industry increasingly require graduates who can effectively apply theoretical knowledge in dynamic farming environments. However, higher education institutions often face challenges in providing authentic on‐farm learning experiences that prepare agricultural management students for professional practice in their chosen career paths. Although work‐integrated learning (WIL) has been widely used across various disciplines, there is currently no context‐specific framework for agricultural management to guide the design and implementation of WIL programs in South African higher education. This study aimed to develop a conceptual framework to support the implementation of WIL in agricultural management programs. The Best‐fit framework synthesis approach employed the BeHEMoTh (Behaviour of interest, Health context, Exclusions and Models or Theories) and SPIDER (Sample, Phenomenon of Interest, Design, Evaluation, and Research Type) search techniques to identify relevant publications through June 2025. The BeHEMoTh search identifies relevant models, theories, and frameworks, followed by the SPIDER search to include all primary studies. Eight articles containing models, theories, and frameworks were identified and supplemented with primary studies to develop the NextGen‐AgriWIL Framework, which comprises three interconnected dimensions: student‐focused initiatives, strategic initiatives, and on‐farm initiatives. The FRAMEWORK highlights the importance of the complementary roles of higher education institutions and farm hosts in contributing to a meaningful learning environment during WIL. Key concepts identified include student preparation and placement; stakeholder responsibilities; mentorship; authenticity; reflection; and the integration of career pathways, theory, and practice. The NextGen‐AgriWIL Framework provides a conceptual foundation that may assist higher education institutions in structuring Agricultural Management WIL programs. Further empirical validation is recommended to assess the framework's applicability.