Developing simulation-based training for paediatric registrars using best evidence: Sepsis and the Phoenix Sepsis Criteria

Abstract

Background. Sepsis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children, particularly in resource-restricted settings. Early recognition and management are crucial to improving patient outcomes. Despite fairly extensive clinical exposure, paediatric registrars often manage these cases without direct supervision or time for critical reflection. Simulation-based learning experiences (SBLEs) offer a platform for mastering emergency care without risking patient safety. Objective. To develop, implement and evaluate an SBLE for paediatric registrars to enhance their confidence and learning in managing paediatric sepsis, incorporating the recently published Phoenix Sepsis Criteria and current evidence-based guidelines. Methods. An SBLE was developed according to the ADDIE instructional model. The learning experience included a prebriefing phase, a scenario execution using a SimBaby® manikin and a structured debriefing. Paediatric registrars evaluated the SBLE using the modified Simulation Effectiveness Tool (SET-M), which assessed self-reported learning and confidence across the prebriefing, simulated scenario and debriefing phases. Results. Seven registrars participated in the SBLE. The SET-M demonstrated high scores across all domains, with high median scores obtained for prebriefing (6/6), learning (17/18), confidence (16/18) and debriefing (15/15). Conclusion. This SBLE enhanced both confidence and learning related to managing paediatric sepsis as reported by participants. The simulation also provided a structured platform to introduce the Phoenix Sepsis Criteria and discuss context-appropriate care in resource-limited settings. The value of simulation in paediatric emergency training is demonstrated.