Determinants of Uncontrolled Blood Pressure Among Adult Hypertensive Patients on Follow Up at Negelle and Adola General Hospital, Guji Zone, Southern Ethiopia: Facility Based Case Control Study

Abstract

Abstract Background Uncontrolled blood pressure is a significant public health problem with a high rate of mortality and morbidity globally. Its magnitude is high in Ethiopia (48%). Although the target goal for blood pressure control is well defined and effective and affordable therapies are available, the problem persists calling for further investigations into the determinants of uncontrolled blood pressure in Ethiopia particularly in the current study area. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the determinants of uncontrolled blood pressure among adult hypertensive patients on follow-up at Negelle and Adola General Hospitals in Guji Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia. Methods A facility-based un-matched case-control study was conducted in Negelle and Adola General Hospitals, Guji Zone from January-01-30, 2023 on 384 samples. Study participants were selected consecutively as they came for treatment until the required sample size was obtained. The data were collected using an interview-administered structured questionnaire and medical chart review. Data were entered into Epi-data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to model the association between dependent and independent variables. Those candidate variables with p < 0.25 in the bi-variable analysis were entered into multivariable logistic regression. An AOR and 95% CI were used to measure the strength of the association. Finally at a p < 0.05, statistical significance was declared. Result A sample of 384 respondents (128 cases; and 256 controls) were included with a response rate of 100%. Non-adherence to medication (AOR = 2.01, 95% CI: 1.16–3.44), non-adherence to smoking abstinence (AOR = 1.84, 95% CI: 1.05–3.22), non-adherence to weight management (AOR = 2.02, 95% CI: 1.04–3.92), poor hypertension knowledge (AOR = 2.18,95% CI: 1.26–3.76), use of traditional medicine(AOR = 9.13, 95% CI:5.31–15.69), and being overweight (AOR = 3.35,95% CI:1.79–6.26) were associated with uncontrolled blood pressure significantly. Conclusion This study found that non-adherence to medication, smoking, weight management, poor hypertension knowledge, traditional medicines use, and being overweight were Determinants of uncontrolled blood pressure. Since these are modifiable and preventable factors there is a need to implement interventions that will enhance self-care practice in this population to improve treatment outcomes.