Determinants of knowledge, attitude, and practice towards risk factors and prevention of chronic kidney disease among adults in Dodoma, Tanzania: A cross-sectional study

Abstract

Introduction Improving knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) towards risk factors and prevention of chronic kidney disease (CKD) helps early detection, and reduces mortality. Aim of the study This study aimed to assess the levels of KAP and their determinants towards risk factors and prevention of CKD. Methodology A cross-sectional analytical community-based study was conducted among 217 adults in Dodoma region, Tanzania from June to November 2022. Data collection was done using a questionnaire which consisted of 35 questions for assessing the KAP domains. Modified Bloom's cut-off level of >75% was used to categorize participant's KAP into good or positive and poor. The determinants of knowledge, attitude, and practice were assessed using binary logistic regression analysis. Results The overall levels of good knowledge, attitude, and practices was 54.8% (98/217), 69.1% (150/217), and 35.9% (78/217), respectively. Being a male (aOR = 2.01, 95% CI = 1.059–3.795, p = 0.033), having secondary school education (aOR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.436–3.048, p = 0.023, and residing in urban areas (aOR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.275–2.968, p = 0.041) were the determinants of good knowledge. Also, having secondary school (aOR = 1.96, 95% CI = 1.956–5.498, p = 0.001), having tertiary education (aOR = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.62–10.948, p = 0.046), and having good knowledge (aOR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.370–7.515, p < 0.001) were the determinants of positive attitude. Being employed (aOR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.237–5.407, p = 0.046) and having good knowledge (aOR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.580–9.289, p = 0.002) were the determinants of good practice towards risk factors and prevention of CKD. Conclusion This study has shown high level of good attitude, moderate level of good knowledge, and low level of good practice towards risk factors and prevention of CKD. These findings indicate that there is a need of improving good practices of individuals in Tanzanian communities towards prevention of CKD.