Determinants of Hyperglycemia in Adult People Living With HIV Taking Dolutegravir- Based Antiretroviral Therapy at University of Gondar Hospital, North West Ethiopia, 2022: A Case-Control Study

Abstract

Background Dolutegravir (DTG)-based antiretroviral treatment is now the recommended regimen because of its high efficacy and fewer adverse effects. Nonetheless, hyperglycemia as adverse effect of DTG was reported in few clinical observations. Methods A case-control study was carried out among DTG-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) users during the study period. EPI Info version 4.8 and SPSS version 26 were used for data entry and analysis, respectively. Binary logistic regression model was used to determine association between risk factors and outcome measures. The associated factors of hyperglycemia were identified using the odds ratio. A P- value <.05 was used to test significance. Results This study contained 42 cases (DTG-based ART users who developed hyperglycemia) and 84 controls (DTG-based ART users who didn’t develop hyperglycemia). On bivariable analysis, lower base-line CD4 count, greater body mass index, and lower grade school attendees were significant at P -value <.25. On multivariable analysis, overweight/obesity (body mass index ≥25) plausibly approached statistical significance but did not reach conventional threshold ( P -value<.05) as risk factor for hyperglycemia among DTG-based ART users. Conclusion Overweight/obesity-driven hyperglycemia secondary to insulin resistance might be the explanation for hyperglycemia among DTG-based ART users. Further studies with larger sample sizes and prospective designs are needed to confirm these findings.