Determinants of Artificial Intelligence–Based Decision System in Nigeria’s Public Sector: Using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses

Abstract

This study examined the determinants influencing Artificial Intelligence (AI)–based decision systems in Nigeria’s public sector using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA 2020) framework. The increasing integration of AI into governance and administrative processes has transformed public service delivery globally; however, adoption within Nigeria’s public sector remains fragmented due to institutional, technological, and policy-related challenges. The study aimed to systematically identify, evaluate, and synthesize the major determinants affecting the adoption and implementation of AI-based decision systems in public administration. A systematic literature review design was adopted, utilizing the PRISMA 2020 methodology to ensure transparency and methodological rigor. Relevant studies published between 2010 and 2026 were retrieved from Scopus, Web of Science, IEEE Xplore, SpringerLink, and Google Scholar using predefined Boolean search strategies. Following screening, eligibility assessment, and quality appraisal using CASP and JBI tools, 78 studies were included for final synthesis. The findings revealed that determinants of AI adoption are multidimensional and can be grouped into technological, organizational, human, and environmental categories. Key determinants identified include digital infrastructure readiness, data quality, institutional capacity, leadership support, funding, digital skills, resistance to change, policy frameworks, and ethical governance concerns. The results further showed that technological and organizational determinants exert the strongest influence on AI adoption, while human and environmental factors moderate implementation effectiveness. The study concluded that successful AI integration in Nigeria’s public sector requires coordinated investment in digital infrastructure, institutional reforms, regulatory frameworks, and human capacity development. It was recommended that the Nigerian government establish comprehensive national AI governance policies, strengthen institutional coordination, and promote continuous training programs to enhance AI readiness across public institutions.