article · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules
Cellulose-based adsorbents modified with chelators can extract metal cations from water, yet they often lack selectivity for specific target metals. To address this limitation, a biosorbent was developed by functionalising cellulose with 4-(2-pyridyl)thiosemicarbazide hydrazidine and imprinting it with lead ions, using glyoxal as a cross-linker. The functionalisation supplies coordination sites and facilitates the creation of a hierarchical porous network. As a result, the biosorbent achieves a maximum lead uptake capacity of 336 milligrams per gram within a contact time of 40 minutes. In addition, the material exhibits high selectivity for lead ions over competing ions. By combining active ligand functionalisation with ion-imprinting techniques, this approach provides a feasible method for producing high-performance materials for lead remediation from wastewater.
Lead contamination in aqueous environments poses substantial environmental and economic threats. While cellulose can bind dissolved metals, standard materials struggle to isolate toxic lead from non-hazardous dissolved minerals. Creating an adsorbent that swiftly and selectively captures lead offers a targeted mechanism to clean contaminated water and industrial effluents without wasting capacity on other, harmless substances.
The technology could enable selective heavy metal filtration for industrial wastewater treatment facilities and environmental remediation operators. Because the findings are based on laboratory synthesis and batch uptake performance, the process is at an early research stage. Scaling up the cross-linking process and testing the material against complex, variable industrial effluents will be necessary to establish its commercial viability.
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Developing an effective adsorbent for Pb<sup>2+</sup> removal from wastewater has huge economic and environmental implications. Adsorbents made from cellulosic materials that have been modified with certain chelators could be used to get rid of metal cations from aqueous solutions. However, their selectivity for specific metals remains very low. Here, we describe the synthesis of 4-(2-pyridyl)thiosemicarbazide (PTC) hydrazidine-functionalized cellulose (Pb-PTC-CE), a polymer imprinted with Pb<sup>2+</sup> ions that may be used to remove Pb<sup>2+</sup> ions from wastewater. Owing to its potent -NH<sub>2</sub> functionalization, PTC hydrazidine not only served as an efficient chelator to effectively supply coordinating sites and construct hierarchical porous structures on Pb-PTC-CE, but it also made it possible for cross-linking to occur through the glyoxal cross-linker. The abundant chelators, along with the hierarchical porous construction of the developed Pb-PTC-CE with PTC functionality, result in a greater sorption capacity of 336 mg/g and a short sorption period of 40 min for Pb<sup>2+</sup>. Additionally, Pb-PTC-CE exhibits highly selective Pb<sup>2+</sup> uptake compared to competing ions. This study proposes a feasible methodology for the development of high-quality materials for Pb<sup>2+</sup> remediation by combining the advantages of active ligand functionality with ion-imprinting techniques in a straightforward way.
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DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.129145
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