Densification and Mechanical Enhancement of Invasive South African Hardwoods: Prosopis glandulosa and Acacia mearnsii

Abstract

Wood used in construction varies in density, leading to differences in strength and rigidity. Wood densification has recently emerged as a promising technique to address these limitations and enhance material performance. This study explores the potential of two abundant and low-cost invasive hardwood species in South Africa-<i>Prosopis glandulosa</i> (Honey Mesquite) and <i>Acacia mearnsii</i> (Black Wattle)-as sources for producing densified wood. A range of strengthening methods, including chemical, pressure, and heat treatments, were applied and compared. After partial delignification and hot pressing, sample thicknesses were reduced by 40% for <i>Prosopis</i> and 50% for <i>Acacia</i>, yielding substantial increases in flexural strength of 216% (22.61 MPa) for <i>Prosopis</i> and 334% (24.65 MPa) for <i>Acacia</i>. In addition to anatomical imaging, analyses of lignosulphonate content, and thermogravimetric profiling, the study also evaluated several practical, carpentry-relevant mechanical properties. These included comparative tests for flexural and compressive strength, nailing and sanding performance, as well as assessments of water absorption, electrical resistivity, and flame-holding capacity.