Deinstitutionalization as a Child Protection Strategy for Residential Institutions in Zimbabwe

Abstract

Summary Deinstitutionalization a globally recognized child protection reform, seeks to transition children from residential institutions to family and community-based care models that align with the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. Despite its noble intent, implementing deinstitutionalization in Zimbabwe remains in its formative stages, with significant gaps in policy and practice. Guided by the 7Cs Protocol Framework, this study explores the challenges and ambiguities hindering the process. Findings Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 practitioners, including social workers and evaluators from the Department of Social Development and private voluntary organizations. Data were analyzed using MAXQDA and 7Cs framework, revealing five significant themes: unstructured and inconsistent transition processes, skill deficiencies among Child Protection Officers, resistance from institutional staff, reluctance to explore alternative care strategies, and insufficient prereintegration preparation and support. The findings indicate that a lack of standardized reintegration guidelines, limited training, and systemic resistance undermines the effectiveness of deinstitutionalization efforts. Institutional caregivers often resist reforms due to fears of job loss and funding reductions, while social workers hesitate to explore alternative care strategies due to high workloads and resource constraints. Prereintegration preparation remains inadequate, leaving children and families vulnerable during transitions. Application Recommendations bar for a strengthening-gatekeeping mechanisms, aligning resource allocation with caseload demands, implementing awareness campaigns to shift societal attitudes, fostering partnerships for family support, and developing child-centered care plans. These measures, supported by interdisciplinary collaboration, are critical for refining Zimbabwe's deinstitutionalization efforts and ensuring sustainable reform.