Cytocompatibility, osteogenic potential, antibacterial and antibiofilm efficacy of a calcium-silicate-based intracanal medication

Abstract

This study assessed the biological and antimicrobial properties of a calcium silicate-based material and calcium hydroxide (CH) when used as intracanal medications. MTT assay, osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal stem cells (hPDLSCs), cell mineralization-assay, and determination of ALP activity were assessed to investigate the biological properties. While the agar well diffusion, crystal violet (CRV) assay and LIVE/DEAD staining of dentin slices infected with a mature E. faecalis biofilm were used to assess the antimicrobial properties. Normally distributed data were analyzed using one and two-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey test, while for non-normally distributed data Kruskal Wallis and Dunn's tests were used. The results showed that both materials were cytocompatible, but BioC-Temp showed statistically higher hPDLSCs viability (P < 0.05). hPDLSCs cultured with BioC-Temp extract demonstrated a significantly higher mineralization and more mineralized nodules than CH extract (P < 0.05). Both BioC-Temp and CH had similar antibacterial potential against E. faecalis in radicular dentin. BioC-Temp has higher mineralization potentials than CH. For the antimicrobial properties, BioC-Temp caused significantly higher inhibition zones than CH (P = 0.0001). The biofilm biomass reduction of BioC-Temp was significantly higher than for CH (P < 0.05). Regarding the percentage of live E. faecalis in biofilm, both BioC-Temp and CH caused significant reductions with no significant difference between them (P > 0.05).