Currently Available GenAI-Powered Large Language Models and Low-Resource Languages: Any Offerings? Wait Until You See

Abstract

A lot of hype has accompanied the increasing number of generative artificial intelligence-powered large language models (LLMs). Similarly, much has been written about what currently available LLMs can and cannot do, including their benefits and risks, especially in higher education. However, few use cases have investigated the performance and generative capabilities of LLMs in low-resource languages. With this in mind, one of the purposes of the current study was to explore the extent to which seven, currently available, free-to-use versions of LLMs (ChatGPT, Claude, Copilot, Gemini, GroqChat, Perplexity, and YouChat) perform in five low-resource languages (isiZulu, Sesotho, Yoruba, M?ori, and Mi’kmaq) in their generative multilingual capabilities. Employing a common input prompt, in which the only change was to insert the name of a given low-resource language and English in each case, this study collected its datasets by inputting this common prompt into the seven LLMs. Three of the findings of this study are noteworthy. First, the seven LLMs displayed a significant lack of generative multilingual capabilities in the five low-resource languages. Second, they hallucinated and produced nonsensical, meaningless, and irrelevant responses in their low-resource language outputs. Third, their English responses were far better in quality, relevance, depth, detail, and nuance than their low-resource language only and English responses for the five low-resource languages. The paper ends by offering the implications and making the conclusions of the study in terms of LLMs’ generative capabilities in low-resource languages.