Current incidence, risk factor and outcome of acute respiratory distress syndrome in Nasser Institute ICU, Cairo, Egypt

Abstract

Abstract Background Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) represents the severe end of a spectrum of acute lung injury due to many different insults. It manifests as acute and persistent lung inflammation with increased lung permeability. Aim of the study To assess the current incidence, risk factors and outcome of acute respiratory distress syndrome at Nasser Institute ICU during the period from January 2019 till the end of July 2019. Methodology The study enrolled 50 patients who were admitted to Nasser Institute ICU and met the Berlin criteria for ARDS during the study period. Results The incidence of ARDS was (3.12%), 54% of which were severe, 26% were moderate, and 20% were mild. Mortality rate was 52%, 88.46% of which were severe cases. Severity index was positively correlated with mortality rate (P- value <0.001). Pneumonia with sepsis was the most common risk factor (74%) and had statistically significant positive correlation with mortality (P = 0.017). Conclusion Incidence of ARDS was relatively small at our institute (3.12%), yet, it has a serious and a potentially fatal outcome with high mortality rate (52%). Key words: Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, ARDS, ICU, incidence, risk factor, outcome, mortality, Nasser Institute. Abbreviations: ARDS: Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. PaO2: Partial pressure of oxygen. FiO2: Fraction of inspired oxygen. PEEP : Positive end expiratory pressure.TV: Tidal volume. ABG: Arterial blood gases. PH: potential hydrogen. PaCO2: partial pressure of carbon dioxide. HCO3: Bicarbonate. SO2: blood oxygen saturation. ICU: intensive care unit.