Cultural and morphological characteristics of Colletotrichum sublineolum isolates infecting sorghum in eastern Ethiopia

Abstract

Colletotrichum sublineolum is the most destructive pathogen causing sorghum anthracnose worldwide. The fungus is known to have highly variable pathotypes. A characteristic study of pathogen is important to document the change occurring in population as variability in morphology indicates the existence of different pathotypes. Controlled condition experiment was conducted to examine cultural and morphological characteristics of C. sublineolum isolates infecting sorghum in eastern Ethiopia. Sorghum leaves showing symptoms of anthracnose were collected from five districts through survey. To study the characteristics of C. sublineolum, single-spore isolates representing isolate collection districts were selected from the stock cultures and cultivated on potato dextrose agar. Culture growth, colony color, elevations, texture and margin, conidial diameter and shape were used to characterize isolates. The isolates were varied significantly in many aspects. Colony colors were differed from light-gray to gray, purple-gray to cottony-gray, white to salmon-whit, plum-pink to beige and rosy brown on upper side of the petri dishes. The mean culture growth of C. sublineolum isolates showed highly significant (P < 0.01) variations among each other and ranged from 15 to 44 mm eight-days after incubation. Most of the isolates were produced hyaline, smooth walled, falcate conidia but without septa. Conidial diameter of C. sublineolum isolates showed variations with width and length ranged from 2.97 to 6.01 μm and 10.01–27.75 μm, respectively. Most isolates had smooth colony margin and few had undulated margin. This finding revealed that substantial variations were observed among C. sublineolum isolates and the existence of variable characteristic showed the presence of several sub-species of the pathogen infecting sorghum in different agro-ecologies of eastern Ethiopia.