Cross‐Layer Optimization Employing Energy Efficient Routing Protocols in WSN

Abstract

The demand for stand-alone ad-hoc network architectures has recently drawn attention in many applications such as military, healthcare, airports, and other monitoring applications. In a wireless sensor network (WSN), multiple sensors form a network where each node works in a coordinated manner to communicate readings and observations regarding the specific application they work towards, these sensors have multiple abilities including sensing, computing, and communication. The main challenge of such networks is the energy consumption due to the network structure, computations and communication. Thus, energy is a challenging subject that has drawn a lot of attention to investigate frameworks and protocols that address energy efficiency and network lifetime. Cross-layer frameworks have proven interesting results in improving WSN energy efficiency for their abilities to improve QoS quality of services, limiting congestion in applications, using energy-efficient routing protocols, and empowering information exchange across layers. This chapter discusses the concept of cross-layer framework and architecture that employs power efficient routing protocols. Different frameworks have been discussed in this chapter related to clustering-based routing protocols, multi-hop routing protocols, Leach-cross-layer routing, and smart duty cycle scheduling protocols. Moreover, the energy optimization schemes are also discussed and finally, several clustered-based routing protocols are evaluated to investigate the cross-layer optimization scheme and observe the possible limitations for future solutions.