Critical Success Factors for Quality 5.0 Adoption in South African Manufacturing: A Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process Approach

Abstract

The transition toward sustainable, human-centric, and resilient manufacturing systems has accelerated the emergence of Industry 5.0, repositioning quality management as a key enabler of sustainable industrial transformation. Quality 5.0 extends digitally enabled quality practices by explicitly integrating human wellbeing, environmental responsibility, and organizational resilience. However, for manufacturing firms in developing economies, guidance on how to prioritize the critical success factors (CSFs) for effective Quality 5.0 adoption remains limited. This study aims to identify and prioritize sustainability-oriented CSFs for Quality 5.0 adoption in South African manufacturing organisations using the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (Fuzzy AHP). A systematic literature review informs the development of a hierarchical CSF model, which is subsequently evaluated through expert judgements from industry and academia. Triangular fuzzy numbers and Chang’s extent analysis are employed to address uncertainty and subjectivity in decision-making. Key findings indicate that workforce skills and competence (global weight = 0.134), human-centric leadership (0.122), reliable digital infrastructure (0.118), employee engagement and empowerment (0.109), and environmental sustainability integration (0.096, rank 5) are top enablers. The findings highlight that technological readiness alone is insufficient, and that social and organizational sustainability dimensions play a dominant role in Quality 5.0 adoption within resource-constrained contexts. This study contributes by providing a sustainability-oriented decision-support framework for prioritizing Quality 5.0 adoption initiatives and offers actionable insights for managers and policymakers seeking to advance sustainable manufacturing in developing economies.