article · The European Physical Journal C
This research evaluates an alternative dark energy model derived from Finsler geometry, specifically the osculating Barthel-Kropina approach. By applying a Barthel connection within this geometry and assuming a standard Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker background metric, generalised Friedmann equations produce an effective geometric dark energy component with a linear barotropic equation of state. Model parameters were evaluated against astrophysical observations, incorporating fifty-seven Hubble data points and the Pantheon Type Ia supernovae dataset using Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulations. The framework was evaluated against the standard Lambda Cold Dark Matter model using Akaike and Bayesian information criteria, as well as statefinder and Om diagnostics. The analysis demonstrates that the Barthel-Kropina model aligns well with observational data, establishing it as a viable theoretical alternative to conventional cosmology.
Understanding dark energy is essential to explaining why the universe expands at an accelerating rate. Testing novel geometric formulations against actual astronomical datasets allows astrophysicists to explore whether alternative gravitational geometries can account for cosmic observations without relying exclusively on the standard cosmological constant.
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Abstract We further investigate the dark energy model based on the Finsler geometry inspired osculating Barthel–Kropina cosmology. The Barthel–Kropina cosmological approach is based on the introduction of a Barthel connection in an osculating Finsler geometry, with the connection having the property that it is the Levi-Civita connection of a Riemannian metric. From the generalized Friedmann equations of the Barthel–Kropina model, obtained by assuming that the background Riemannian metric is of the Friedmann–Lemaitre–Robertson–Walker type, an effective geometric dark energy component can be generated, with the effective, geometric type pressure, satisfying a linear barotropic type equation of state. The cosmological tests, and comparisons with observational data of this dark energy model are considered in detail. To constrain the Barthel–Kropina model parameters, and the parameter of the equation of state, we use 57 Hubble data points, and the Pantheon Supernovae Type Ia data sample. The st statistical analysis is performed by using Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulations. A detailed comparison with the standard $$\Lambda $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>Λ</mml:mi></mml:math> CDM model is also performed, with the Akaike information criterion (AIC), and the Bayesian information criterion (BIC) used as the two model selection tools. The statefinder diagnostics consisting of jerk and snap parameters, and the Om ( z ) diagnostics are also considered for the comparative study of the Barthel–Kropina and $$\Lambda $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>Λ</mml:mi></mml:math> CDM cosmologies. Our results indicate that the Barthel–Kropina dark energy model gives a good description of the observational data, and thus it can be considered a viable alternative of the $$\Lambda $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>Λ</mml:mi></mml:math> CDM model.
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DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-023-11265-9
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