article · Frontiers in Chemistry
Coriandrum sativum essential oil was evaluated for chemical composition, antioxidant capacity, and antimicrobial actions, supported by computational simulations. Chemical screening identified linalool, gamma-terpinene, and alpha-pinene as its primary volatile constituents. Across five laboratory assays, the oil showed potent antioxidant activity. It also demonstrated bactericidal effects against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, alongside fungicidal action against Candida albicans, with inhibition zones exceeding 15 millimetres. Computational screening of its key compounds revealed favourable drug-likeness, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity profiles. Together, these laboratory and predictive findings show the oil could serve as an effective natural preservative or active ingredient in pharmaceutical formulations, with potential utility in agriculture to prevent fungal proliferation and aflatoxin spoilage in stored goods.
Bacterial and fungal contamination poses major risks to stored food products and human health. Identifying plant-derived alternatives with strong antimicrobial and antioxidant capacities provides a sustainable way to control spoilage and microbial infections. Demonstrating that coriander oil has both bactericidal and fungicidal potency, as well as favourable drug-like traits, supports its potential development as an eco-friendly preservative and medicinal agent.
This research points towards applications as eco-friendly preservatives in the food and agricultural sectors to suppress fungal growth and aflatoxin contamination in stored goods, as well as natural candidates for pharmaceutical development. Potential users include post-harvest agricultural operators, food manufacturers, and drug development teams. The technology remains at an early laboratory stage, supported solely by in vitro assays and computational simulations.
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Introduction: Coriandrum sativum L. essential oil (CS-EO) is being evaluated in vitro for its antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, and its volatile compounds are to be identified as part of this exploratory study. Methods: The processes underlying the in vitro biological properties were explained using in silico simulations, including drug-likeness prediction, molecular docking, and pharmacokinetics (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity—ADMET). Chemical screening of CS-EO was conducted using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Five in vitro complementary techniques were used to assess the antioxidant activity of CS-EO: reducing power (RP), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity, β-Carotene bleaching test (BCBT), and phosphomolybdenum assay (TAC). Results: According to GC-MS analysis, linalool (59.04%), γ-Terpinene (13.02%), and α-Pinene (6.83%) are the main constituents of CS-EO. Based on the in vitro antioxidant assay results, CS-EO has been found to have a superior antioxidant profile. Its estimated scavenging rates for ABTS + are 0.51 ± 0.04 mg/mL, BCBT is 9.02 ± 0.01 mg/mL, and CS-EO is 1.52 ± 0.14 mg/mL. C. sativum demonstrated 6.13 ± 0.00 μg/mL for reducing power and 213.44 ± 0.45 mg AAE/mL for total antioxidant activity. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of CS-EO was assessed against five strains, including two gram-positive bacteria, two gram-negative bacteria, and one fungal strain ( Candida albicans ). Significant antibacterial and antifungal activities against all strains were found using the disc-diffusion assay, with zones of inhibition larger than 15 mm. The microdilution test highlighted the lowest MIC and MBC values with gram-positive bacteria, ranging from 0.0612 to 0.125% v/v for MIC and 0.125% v/v for MBC. The fungal strain’s MFC was 1.0% v/v and its MIC was measured at 0.5%. Based on the MBC/MIC and MFC/MIC ratios, CS-EO exhibits bactericidal and fungicidal activity. The ADMET study indicates that the primary CS-EO compounds are good candidates for the development of pharmaceutical drugs due to their favorable pharmacokinetic properties. Conclusion: These results point to a potential application of this plant as a natural remedy and offer empirical backing for its traditional uses. It is a promising environmentally friendly preservative that can be used extensively in the food and agricultural industries to prevent aflatoxin contamination and fungal growth in stored goods.
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DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1369745
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