article · Coordination Chemistry Reviews
Chemical manufacturing increasingly relies on low-energy catalytic processes that function under mild conditions with high selectivity and recyclability. Recent developments focus on coordination chemistry to design catalysts that lower energy demands across various industrial and environmental applications. These include biodiesel production, carbon dioxide capture, organic synthesis, and enzyme mimicking, alongside photocatalysis and enzymatic approaches for water treatment and energy systems. In particular, single-atom catalysts and diatomic catalysts demonstrate strong performance by driving chemical reactions at minimal activation energies while preserving high efficiency. Modulating the electronic structures of these catalysts provides insights into the microelectronic mechanisms that govern their activity. By combining principles of coordination complexes with advanced catalytic design, these systems offer practical pathways to strengthen the sustainability and operational efficiency of chemical production.
Traditional chemical manufacturing often demands high temperatures and pressures, consuming significant energy and generating substantial carbon emissions. Transitioning to catalysts that operate effectively under mild conditions helps reduce the environmental footprint of essential processes, including clean fuel generation, carbon capture, and water purification. This shift supports cleaner industrial practices without sacrificing reaction efficiency or product selectivity.
The identified catalyst designs could enable more energy-efficient processes in biofuel refining, carbon capture, fine chemical manufacturing, and water purification. Prospective users include industrial chemical producers and environmental remediation operators seeking to lower process energy requirements. Because the evidence derives from a broad review of fundamental mechanisms and emerging single-atom or diatomic systems, the underlying innovations appear to be primarily at an early-stage research level.
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Catalysis stands as a cornerstone in chemical synthesis, pivotal in advancing sustainable manufacturing pathways. The evolution from energy-intensive to sustainable catalytic processes has marked a transformative shift, notably exemplified by low-energy catalytic methods. These processes, operating under milder conditions and emphasizing selectivity and recyclability, represent the forefront of sustainable chemistry. This review navigates through an array of low-energy chemical reactions, highlighting their diverse applications and culminating in exploration of recent strides within low-energy catalytic processes. For example, the review explores the uses of low-energy catalytic processes in applications such as enzyme mimicking, biodiesel production, carbon dioxide capture, and organic synthesis. Additionally, it covers enzymatic catalysis and photocatalysis for carbon dioxide transformations, energy applications, and water treatment. Notably, the review emphasizes the low-energy catalytic capabilities of single-atom catalysis (SAC) and diatomic catalysts (DACs), recognizing their exceptional performance in catalyzing reactions at minimal activation energies while maintaining high efficiency and selectivity under mild conditions. By elucidating the modulation of electronic structure and offering a microelectronic perspective, the review aims to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the catalytic activity of SAC and DACs. Emphasizing the interplay between coordination chemistry principles and catalytic efficacy, the review elucidates the indispensable role of coordination complexes in fortifying the sustainability of these processes. By spotlighting the fusion of coordination chemistry with catalysis, this review aims to underscore their collective influence in shaping the landscape of sustainable chemical production.
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DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2024.215900
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