Control of diabetic nephropathy in male Wistar rats using ethanolic extract of Monodora myristica seeds and its biosynthesized selenium nanoparticles

Abstract

Aim: This research utilizes the ethanolic extract from seeds of Monodora myristica and its biosynthesized selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy (DN) in male Wistar rats. Methods: Biosynthesis of crystalline, quasi-spherical shape 5.0 ± 0.25 nm SeNPs was achieved using M. myristica seed extract as a reducing agent, followed by surface plasmon resonance measurement by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) for confirmation of nanoparticle biosynthesis. Male Wistar rats were induced with diabetes using a 3-weeks high-fat diet and a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ). Experimental groups included normal control group, untreated diabetic controls and those treated with either metformin (a standard drug), ethanolic extract or biosynthesized SeNPs of M. myristica seed extract. Biochemical analyses assessed renal function via serum creatinine and urea levels. Histological evaluations of kidney tissues were performed to assess structural changes. Results: Treatment with M. myristica seed extract and its biosynthesized SeNPs significantly improved renal function, evidenced by reduced serum creatinine and urea levels. Histopathological studies showed preserved renal architecture and reduced inflammatory damage, particularly in the combination therapy group, indicating a synergistic effect. Conclusions: This study highlights the potential of M. myristica and its biosynthesized SeNPs in mitigating DN through nephroprotective mechanisms. These findings advocate for the exploration of nanotechnology combined with bioactive plant compounds as effective strategies for managing DN.