article · Agronomy
Abiotic stresses trigger physiological and biochemical changes within plant cells, curtailing wheat growth and development, which ultimately reduces grain yields. As climate change advances, protecting wheat yields is critical for global food and nutritional security. Two main pathways exist to counter these environmental challenges. The first and most promising approach focuses on breeding stress-tolerant wheat cultivars. This pathway mobilises global biodiversity using advanced tools such as molecular breeding, speed breeding, genetic engineering, and gene-editing technologies like the CRISPR-Cas toolkit. The second pathway involves deploying improved field practices, including nano-based agricultural technologies and other climate-smart agronomic interventions. Together, these complementary genetic and agronomic approaches offer strategies to stabilise wheat production across major growing regions facing shifting climatic conditions.
Wheat is a staple food for populations worldwide, but changing climatic conditions threaten harvests through abiotic stresses. Identifying viable pathways to protect yields, whether through advanced genetic improvement or modern field management, helps agricultural sectors maintain global food and nutritional supplies under increasingly volatile growing conditions.
This work points to opportunities for plant breeders, agricultural biotechnology companies, and input suppliers developing climate-smart solutions. Potential applications include gene-edited or engineered stress-resilient seed varieties and nano-based agronomic treatments for commercial wheat growers. Because the findings outline a broad overview of methodologies rather than a validated product, these solutions remain largely at the research and developmental stage.
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Wheat is one of the world’s most commonly consumed cereal grains. During abiotic stresses, the physiological and biochemical alterations in the cells reduce growth and development of plants that ultimately decrease the yield of wheat. Therefore, novel approaches are needed for sustainable wheat production under the changing climate to ensure food and nutritional security of the ever-increasing population of the world. There are two ways to alleviate the adverse effects of abiotic stresses in sustainable wheat production. These are (i) development of abiotic stress tolerant wheat cultivars by molecular breeding, speed breeding, genetic engineering, and/or gene editing approaches such as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas toolkit, and (ii) application of improved agronomic, nano-based agricultural technology, and other climate-smart agricultural technologies. The development of stress-tolerant wheat cultivars by mobilizing global biodiversity and using molecular breeding, speed breeding, genetic engineering, and/or gene editing approaches such as CRISPR-Cas toolkit is considered the most promising ways for sustainable wheat production in the changing climate in major wheat-growing regions of the world. This comprehensive review updates the adverse effects of major abiotic stresses and discusses the potentials of some novel approaches such as molecular breeding, biotechnology and genetic-engineering, speed breeding, nanotechnology, and improved agronomic practices for sustainable wheat production in the changing climate.
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DOI: 10.3390/agronomy11020241
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