article · Biosensors
A wearable breast cancer detection and monitoring system has been developed using compact, fully textile antenna sensors designed to fit conformably and comfortably on the breasts. Constructed on a cotton substrate with dimensions of 24 by 45 by 0.17 millimetres, the sensor incorporates a coplanar waveguide feed to enable straightforward integration with other electronic systems. The antenna achieves broad operating bandwidths spanning up to 10 gigahertz while maintaining low specific absorption rates of 0.55 watts per kilogram for one gram and 0.25 watts per kilogram for ten grams of tissue at 25 dBm. To distinguish malignant tumours from benign tissue, the system pairs antenna measurements with machine-learning algorithms. In simulation tests with ten-millimetre and twenty-millimetre tumours, the machine-learning model achieved 100 percent classification accuracy on the tested dataset when using transmission parameter features, supporting the concept of a smart bra for home monitoring.
Continuous and non-invasive health monitoring can help catch malignant breast tumours early without requiring frequent hospital visits. By integrating flexible microwave sensors into everyday clothing like bras, comfortable screening becomes possible in domestic settings. Using machine learning to interpret sensor signals provides rapid automated classification between benign and malignant tissues, which could expand access to early detection and routine monitoring for women.
The system is aimed at home healthcare as a smart bra for women needing continuous breast monitoring. Potential users include patients undergoing surveillance and consumers seeking routine screening. The technology appears to be at an early testing stage, having validated antenna performance and achieved high classification accuracy within simulation datasets rather than clinical trials on human subjects. Further physical integration and clinical validation are needed before real-world adoption.
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This paper presents the development of a new complete wearable system for detecting breast tumors based on fully textile antenna-based sensors. The proposed sensor is compact and fully made of textiles so that it fits conformably and comfortably on the breasts with dimensions of 24 × 45 × 0.17 mm3 on a cotton substrate. The proposed antenna sensor is fed with a coplanar waveguide feed for easy integration with other systems. It realizes impedance bandwidth from 1.6 GHz up to 10 GHz at |S11| ≤ −6 dB (VSWR ≤ 3) and from 1.8 to 2.4 GHz and from 4 up to 10 GHz at |S11| ≤ −10 dB (VSWR ≤ 2). The proposed sensor acquires a low specific absorption rate (SAR) of 0.55 W/kg and 0.25 W/kg at 1g and 10 g, respectively, at 25 dBm power level over the operating band. Furthermore, the proposed system utilizes machine-learning algorithms (MLA) to differentiate between malignant tumor and benign breast tissues. Simulation examples have been recorded to verify and validate machine-learning algorithms in detecting tumors at different sizes of 10 mm and 20 mm, respectively. The classification accuracy reached 100% on the tested dataset when considering |S21| parameter features. The proposed system is vision as a “Smart Bra” that is capable of providing an easy interface for women who require continuous breast monitoring in the comfort of their homes.
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DOI: 10.3390/bios13010087
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