Comparison of Oncoplastic Breast Surgery and Breast Conserving Surgery without Reconstruction, A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract

Abstract Introduction Breast cancer, the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality, poses unique challenges to patients, encompassing physical, emotional, and sexual dimensions. Surgical interventions, such as modified radical mastectomy and breast-conserving surgery (BCS), can exacerbate these challenges. This study explores the integration of oncoplastic breast surgery to address shortcomings associated with traditional approaches. Methods A systematic review of PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus identified 28 relevant studies, encompassing 28,162 patients. Cosmetic outcomes and patient satisfaction were compared between oncoplastic breast surgery (OBCS) and BCS groups, with a focus on psychological and physical well-being domains. Results The meta-analysis revealed that OBCS demonstrated superior outcomes in satisfaction with breast appearance, psychological well-being, and physical well-being compared to BCS. Patient satisfaction questionnaire results consistently favored the OBCS group. Recurrence Risk: A meta- analysis estimated a significant reduction in the odds of recurrence in OBCS patients with positive margins (odds ratio = 2.44, P < 0.001). This underscores the oncological safety of oncoplastic techniques. Evolution of Breast Cancer Surgery: Oncoplastic breast surgery represents a pivotal advancement in breast cancer surgery. The convergence of surgical oncology and plastic surgery has allowed continual refinement of techniques, ensuring both oncological safety and improved quality of life. Conclusion Accumulating evidence suggests that oncoplastic breast surgery plays a crucial role in achieving wide local resection with enhanced safety margins for malignant breast tumors. By preserving aesthetic and symmetrical breast shapes, oncoplastic procedures contribute to improved patient outcomes, reinforcing the evolving landscape of breast cancer surgery.